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''1'' or ''1: Life On The Limit'' is a 2013 documentary film directed by Paul Crowder and narrated by Michael Fassbender. The film traces the history of Formula One auto racing from its early years, in which some seasons had multiple fatalities, to the 1994 death of Ayrton Senna, the sport's most recent death at the time of production. Extensive and often rare archival footage is used throughout.〔〔 ==Story== The film opens with a brief look at the early days of Formula One racing in the 1950s, which was essentially a resumption of prewar Grand Prix racing. In 1957, the FIA announced the Formula One World Constructors' Championship for the makers of the winning car. This led to a wave of British privateer teams, nicknamed "''Garagistas''" by Enzo Ferrari, dominating the Championship. Most notable was Team Lotus, led by Colin Chapman.〔Chapman's innovative designs and the talent of Jim Clark saw the team becoming influential in the evolving Formula One development.〕 In 1966, the FIA doubled the engine size from 1.5 to 3 litres, which saw the cars race markedly faster on tracks and facilities unchanged since before World War II. This resulted in several fatal accidents, including Chapman's star driver Jim Clark at the Hockenheimring in 1968. From this point, several drivers—including Clark's Lotus replacement, Jochen Rindt, and the Grand Prix Drivers' Association (GPDA) began questioning the sport's safety. Rindt himself was killed during practice at the 1970 Italian Grand Prix, although he was still the posthumous champion that year. Jackie Stewart, three-time champion and Chairman of the GPDA, used his position to push for improved safety and track facilities, including safety barriers and mandatory seat belts. This caused some opposition with other drivers, most notably Jacky Ickx, Stewart's opponent on the track at the time. Stewart's influence led to boycotts of some races, including the 1971 Belgian Grand Prix. Despite his efforts, drivers continued to be killed, including Stewart's own teammate, François Cevert, at the 1973 United States Grand Prix. Meanwhile, new drivers and teams made their way into Formula One. Hesketh Racing, led by the extravagant Lord Hesketh, entered Formula One in 1973 with their Formula Two driver James Hunt. Despite their rather blasé appearance, they performed surprisingly well including winning the 1975 Dutch Grand Prix ahead of Niki Lauda for Ferrari. When Hesketh was forced to close at the end of 1975, Hunt went to McLaren, which placed both him and Lauda as favourites to win the 1976 Championship. 1976 turned into a dramatic year.〔 Lauda led for the first half of the season, but Hunt made up ground on Lauda despite being disqualified from two races (the Spanish Grand Prix victory was later reinstated). Lauda almost died from a fiery accident at the German Grand Prix at the notorious Nürburgring, but managed to keep his championship alive by taking fourth at the Italian Grand Prix almost a month after his accident. At the last race at a rain-soaked Japanese Grand Prix, Lauda voluntarily retired from the race, allowing Hunt to win the championship by finishing third.〕 In 1978, Bernie Ecclestone, head of the Formula One Constructors Association, hired Professor Sid Watkins as the official Formula One 'race doctor.' Initially distrusted by track officials, Watkins' influence on the sport increased after the death of Ronnie Peterson at the 1978 Italian Grand Prix; at that race, the Italian officials prevented him from treating Peterson at the scene.〔Watkins was later named President of a Formula One Medical Commission in 1981, which implemented permanent on-track medical facilities amongst other medical advancements.〕 Following Peterson's accident, Formula One remained relatively fatality free until the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix, which saw the deaths of Roland Ratzenberger and Ayrton Senna in separate accidents. In the aftermath, the FIA President Max Mosley (who drove in the race Jim Clark was killed in, and was head of March Engineering in the 1970s), formed the Advisory Expert Group chaired by Sid Watkins to research and improve safety in motor racing. As a result of the changes implemented by this Group, Formula One has not experienced a driver fatality since. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1 (2013 film)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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